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More and more children are being adopted from Africa. A Canadian news report asks if Africa is “The Next China?” One adoption agency representative in Ethiopia complained:
“I’ve had people call me and say, ‘Oh, I want a child just like Angelina Jolie.’ It’s very frustrating because we work for the children. I’m trying to place two brothers right now from Liberia. Nobody wants two boys. Everyone wants a girl,” she said. “I feel like sometimes we have families who want to go shopping.” Read the rest of this entry »
Mildred Loving, who fought to overturn Virginia’s anti-miscegenation laws, died on May 2, 2008, at 68. Read her story here.
In finding the Lovings guilty of violating Virginia law, Judge Leon Bazile reasoned that if blacks and whites were meant to mix, God would not have put them in separate continents. Judge Bazile obviously would not have been for “globalization,” but did he really think white people were created in North America?
The Lovings’ appeal led to a Supreme Court ruling in 1967 which struck down laws banning mixed-race marriages, then still in the books in 16 states. Until 1948, when California became the first state to overturn its law, 38 states had anti-miscegenation laws. The U.S. thus had something in common with Nazi Germany and South Africa during Apartheid, a distinction no other country had. Lovely bedmates! Read the rest of this entry »
U.S. troops were waging a war to “free” the Philippines from a regime established by Filipinos revolting against Spain.
Within the first year of the war, news of atrocities by U.S. forces—the torching of villages, the killing of prisoners—began to appear in American newspapers. Although the U.S. military censored outgoing cables, stories crossed the Pacific through the mail, which wasn’t censored. Soldiers, in their letters home, wrote about extreme violence against Filipinos, alongside complaints about the weather, the food, and their officers; and some of these letters were published in home-town newspapers. A letter by A. F. Miller, of the 32nd Volunteer Infantry Regiment, published in the Omaha World-Herald in May, 1900, told of how Miller’s unit uncovered hidden weapons by subjecting a prisoner to what he and others called the “water cure.” “Now, this is the way we give them the water cure,” he explained. “Lay them on their backs, a man standing on each hand and each foot, then put a round stick in the mouth and pour a pail of water in the mouth and nose, and if they don’t give up pour in another pail. They swell up like toads. I’ll tell you it is a terrible torture.”
Sound familiar? Full story here.
It looks like we are finally making progress in honoring our promises to Filipino veterans of World War II. Senate Bill 1315 passed 96 to 1. This statement from Senator Inouye gives you the historical and economic justification. Why has it taken this long to get this far (cuz we’re not actually there yet)?
This legal and bioethics expert thinks adoption trumps surrogacy. As if there are no commodification issues with adoption, particularly in India. And it isn’t mostly poor women who lose their children to adoption as well.
I don’t think one is better than the other. The same class, race and gender inequities frame both adoption and surrogacy. Adoptive birthmothers are deemed or deem themselves unfit to parent. Because society doesn’t think much of baby-selling, only adoption agencies and other middlemen profit from the transaction. Womb-renting, however, is apparently legal in India and the U.S. Surrogate moms in India waive their parental rights in exchange for money, usually for the benefit of their “own” families. The “real” parents get to brag about the special way their children were born. Just as adoptive parents brag about the special way their families were formed.
Perhaps I wouldn’t have such a problem with outsourcing pregnancies to India if it were rich Indian women with lawyers in tow who were contracting as surrogates. Women who would be able to define the terms of the deal themselves, who don’t need the money just to feed themselves and their families, who would be empowered enough to say in midterm or after birth, “I changed my mind,” and, in case of a miscarriage, still say “You owe me for my time.” Guess what, there would probably be no “renters” in such a world.
Story here.
Sharmila Choudhury identified herself as a ”resource-rich adoptive parent in the United States who was raised in an area of India with many destitute families.” That describes me as well, if you change United States for another “rich” country and India for another “poor” country. I also care deeply that rich and poor are treated fairly, and thank Ms. Choudhury for giving parents like me a voice in the Washington Post. At the same time I’d like to mention that resource-rich adoptive parents in “poor” countries, like some of my friends back home, might also want to join this chorus.
As for Elizabeth Bartholet, I find her conclusions in this article on adoption troubling.
Paris Hilton’s planned trip to Rwanda may not be as bad as some of these celebrity adoptions, but does add to a loooong list of misguided efforts to “save” Africa.
In a New York Times article on the uneven quality of medical care for cancer patients, there was a mention of racism:
Race and ethnicity come into play in ways that are not understood. A study published last year in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Dr. Bickell and other researchers assessed how likely a woman who had surgery for breast cancer was to miss out on other needed treatments — drugs or radiation — at several high-quality teaching hospitals. If she was white, she had a 1 in 6 chance of failing to receive the treatment; black, 1 in 3; and Hispanic, 1 in 4.
A second study published last month by the same group suggested that breakdowns in communication played a part: a third who did not receive the recommended treatment had refused it, and another third missed out because of “system failures,” meaning it was recommended but, for some reason, never happened (and in another third, doctors ruled out the treatment for medical reasons).
Every year, about 1 million people die of malaria. Approximately 70% of Africa’s one-year olds have malaria parasites in their blood. With global warming, the situation is likely to get worse. The good news is that there’s a promising vaccine being developed, which has been effective in animal experiments. I heard about it through a European prize, the Körber European Science Award, which will be presented at a ceremony in Hamburg on September 7, 2007. The prize is being awarded to Peter Seeberger.
Using the automated oligosaccharide synthesizer that he developed, Peter Seeberger and his colleagues succeeded in artificially producing glycans of pathogens known to cause diseases. They furthermore were successful in transforming the glycans into vaccine candidates for illnesses such as leishmaniasis, malaria, AIDS, anthrax, and tuberculosis. The vaccine candidates have already demonstrated their effectiveness in animal experiments, and the malaria vaccine is to be tested on humans for the first time next year.
Story here.
Despite the demographic of 42 million Latinos in the U.S., it is still a struggle for Latino parents to instilL the Spanish language in their children. See story here.
In the meantime, Pres. Bush declared Chinese a priority language for national security. The program’s price tag (for the selected languages, which does not include Spanish) is a cool $114 million. The Dept. of Education gets a $35 million increase, or $57 million, for its foreign language program.
Learning languages is nice. In fact, if anyone knows how I can get a piece of the action, I’d be grateful for the tip. But it’s a Cold War approach, those foreigners against us. 200 million Chinese are learning English, who cares if Latino children lose the ability to speak Spanish? Learning Chinese or Arabic is now the patriotic thing to do. Not because we want to celebrate diversity, but because U.S. national security depends on it. Is this the only way to make Americans value foreign cultures and languages?
Today is National Underwear Day. Nuff said.
One of this year’s inductees to the Asian Hall of Fame is Loida Nicolas Lewis, chairman and CEO of TLC Beatrice International Holdings, Inc. In November, the Council of Fashion Designers of America, will honor Josie Natori with the CFDA’s Humanitarian Award. OK, that’s not a business award, per se, but Natori was once named Business Woman of the Year by the New York City Partnership.
Reversals seem to be the order of the day around the globe. You think you’ve won certain rights. Little did you know, they can take it away any day.
SYDNEY (AFP) - Aborigines on Tuesday said the government was trying to steal their land under the guise of responding to a crisis that Prime Minister John Howard has labelled Australia’s own Hurricane Katrina.
Canberra began deploying police and soldiers to the Northern Territory outback this week under a controversial plan to combat widespread child sex abuse in Aboriginal communities. Read the rest of this entry »
Now that it’s summer vacation, I thought I’d borrow a few DVD’s from the library. The first thing that caught my eye was Bertrand Tavernier’s “Holy Lola,” a movie about a French couple’s journey to adopt their Cambodian daughter. Here are pictures.
The orphanages featured are much better than I’d imagined them to be. At least the movie didn’t try to pull heartstrings on that score. The French adopters all looked very much at home in the local setting. They seemed to know their way around. I thought this had to do with the fact that the couples were on extended stays. It only occurred to me later that Cambodia was a French colony, like Vietnam, and that for almost 70 years. It is ironic that the script mentions at several points how there were no babies for French couples because all the babies were being scooped up by “American baby catalogs.” There’s the parallel of the powerless French having to secede Indochina to American interests. And everything is so commercialized in America that even babies can be ordered by catalog.
One scene did really bother me. At a government office, while filling out forms, the prospective father was asked if he wanted to fill in “unknown” or “dead” as to the parents of the child, Lola. He’s confused for a moment. Next scene is a dictaphone journal entry where he promises Lola that he will help her look for her parents. Is this compensation enough?
Two items on Jane Jeong Trenka’s blog threw me for a loop today. One is about Korean adoptions and the other is on sponsoring birth parents. Both are about the rights of adoptees.
Since the IMF crisis in 1997, single mothers have been targeted as the new source of Korean children for the West. The Ministry of Health and Welfare reported that in 2004, all but one of the 2,257 children adopted overseas came from single mothers.
It’s hard to believe…all but ONE. This is systemic discrimination against single-parent families. This is an abuse of the human rights of children born to single mothers. It’s not what anyone would want to associate with adoption. Korean children are treated unfairly based on the absence of a father in the family. Read the rest of this entry »
Via Sepia Mutiny, this gem of an article from Salman Rushdie: The New Empire within Britain. Rushdie, make that Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie as of about a week ago, wrote the piece in 1982. Here are two snippets on institutional racism and the abolition of jus soli. Read the rest of this entry »
Things finally seem to be moving on the issue of cleaning up wartime dioxin or “Agent Orange” in Vietnam. A study is being released, containment and clean-up measures are being planned.
More than 30 years after the Vietnam War ended, the poisonous legacy of Agent Orange has emerged anew with a scientific study that has found extraordinarily high levels of health-threatening contamination at the former U.S. air base at Danang. Read the rest of this entry »
The following video clips from the documentary “The Leech and the Earthworm” illustrates how genetic sampling, engineering and intellectual property rights with respect to indigenous groups is linked to colonialism.
All is well in Indian adoption according to this news report from an Indian magazine.
US leads in adopting children from India
Friday, May 11, 2007
New Delhi: The United States led all other countries in the number of children adopted from India, with no-objection certificates issued for 945 cases between 2004 and 2006, parliament was informed Wednesday. According to Women and Child Development Minister Renuka Chowdhury, Americans received permission from the Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA) for 322 adoptions in 2004, 296 in 2005 and 327 last year. Read the rest of this entry »
With 4 million Iraqis fleeing their homes, including 1.9 million internally displaced, Iraq has the most pressing refugee problem in the world today.
[E]ven though Washington promised to take 7,000 asylum cases in 2007, it admitted only 69 from Oct. 1, 2006, to April 30, according to State Department statistics. In March, the U.S. gave refuge to a whopping total of eight Iraqis. In April, we welcomed to our shores just one. (More in latimes.com)
If you have a sensitive stomach, don’t go and watch Michelle Malkin’s new Vent edition: Gorilla warfare against the open borders WSJ.
On her chopping board is a video of a May 22, 2007 editorial roundtable at the Wall Street Journal. Watching her and watching them is classic theater of the absurd. One of the editors said opponents’ objections to the immigration bill are cultural. You know he just couldn’t bring himself to say the R word. Read the rest of this entry »
I can hardly believe this statement from the Dr. Julie Gerberding, director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, during a Senate hearing.
We gave the patient the benefit of the doubt at several points here. In those cases, we failed to take the aggressive action that we could have used with legally sanctioned methods to restrict his movement more effectively. In retrospect, we wish we would have sent all kinds of alerts.
There must be millions of people applying for immigrant visas to the U.S. every year and anyone of them can tell you that you would be “inadmissible” on medical grounds if you had SARs, leprosy, gonorrhea and, yes…tuberculosis. TB, XDR or not, is considered by immigration officials as a communicable disease of “public health significance.”
Why is it absolutely not OK for immigration applicants with any type of TB to be a public health hazard, but someone like Andrew Speaker is given the benefit of the doubt?
This is a little late for Memorial Day, but please remember the Filipino veterans of World War II still living who are being denied their rightful benefits. Of the soldiers from 66 countries allied with the United States during the war, including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, only Filipinos were denied full equity with American veterans in 1946. Write to your representatives, urging them to vote for the Filipino Veterans’ Equity Act.
From testimonies at the hearings:
Mr. Luciano Dimaano, an 85 year old veteran who lives in San Francisco, as quoted by a witness:
As a soldier fighting under the US flag, I never got tired of fighting. There was shortage of food, no medicine. When I fired my rifle I would stumble because my body was starving from nourishment. I was weak all the time. But I kept fighting to defend the frontline.
This poem was written by Lieutenant Henry G. Lee:
Obsolete rifle without a sling
And a bolo tied with a piece of string
Coconut hat and canvas shoes
And shoddy, dust white, denim blues
These are the men who fought and fled
And fought again and left their dead
Who fought and died as the white man planned
And never quite learned to understand
Poorly officered, under fed
Often driven but never led
Lied to, and cheated and sent to die
For a foreign flag in their native sky
Sen. Daniel K. Inouye, D-Hawai’i, sponsor of the Senate equity bill:
As an American, I believe the treatment of Filipino World War II veterans is bleak and shameful. Let us not turn our backs on those who have sacrificed so much.
The Filipino soldiers of the U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) were responsible for delaying the Japanese timetable by several months (saving tens of thousands of American and allied lives). Of the estimated 472,000 listed by the US Army at the end of WWII, only about 22,000 are alive today. Many of them are living in the U.S. in poverty. After 61 years of denying Filipino veterans full benefits (saving U.S. taxpayers tens of billions of dollars) , it is about time the U.S. lived up to its promises.
One interesting thing about the adoption of Chinese children by Americans is that some 20 percent of the children get to live in New York City. (Read story here)
Manhattan’s Upper West Side is the Chinese-adoption capital of the U.S. About 20 percent of 50,000 Chinese children adopted in the country in the past 20 years live in New York, according to Families with Children from China, a support group with 2,100 member families. Most live in a 2-square-mile area (5 square kilometers) between Central Park and the Hudson River.
Going to the playground for the young ’uns would be like going to Chinatown was for me. And what with all the opportunities there to learn Mandarin. But you still have to wonder at the attitudes of some parents and if children can ever overcome that part of their adoption. Read the rest of this entry »
Looking at the statistics for New York City, the picture that emerges is the polar opposite of what you may eventually see with the proposed immigration law. In 2005, 72 percent of the city’s immigrants came through family ties and 11 percent through employer sponsorship. The result of this influx is a population that is only about 35 percent non-hispanic white. Asian population growth was at a whopping 75 percent (high estimate for 2000)!
More here:
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/30/nyregion/30families.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
In the article posted by resistance on the Purple Heart Division, it stated that “President Clinton awarded the Medal of Honor to 19 overlooked members of the Purple Heart Battalion who distinguished themselves in battle above and beyond the call of duty. “
Another belated awardee on that occasion was Filipino/Hispanic American Rudy Davila. In this story, Davila’s commanding officer tells him the reason he was passed over for the Medal of Honor in 1944: “too many minorities were winning the Medal of Honor.”
If you’re being used as cannon fodder, you’re less deserving?
Dying to see a 1001 Chinese fulfill their dreams of travelling to the land of fairytales? Then go visit Documenta 12 in Kassel, Germany. This is Art, as conceived by Chinese architect, Ai Weiwei, and not cheap art, with a budget of 3 million euros. I hope to be there myself with my daughter. Admittedly, I’ve been saying that since Documenta 1, but I still haven’t gotten there. Maybe the chance of seeing so many Asian faces like mine will get me there this time.
Actually, I’m two minds about this. It strikes me as being too close to a human zoo. No doubt, it will be fascinating to hear the accounts of the Chinese, chosen from all walks of life, and each of whom will be given a camera to record their experiences. I try to remind myself that this is not the St. Louis World’s Fair of 1904, where “primitives” were displayed for the pleasure of fair-goers, where a visitor states, “Viewing man in his primitive state — black, half-clad — it occurs to you why you are the only race not on exhibition.” No, it can’t be 1904.
Jae Ran at Harlow’s Monkey has written a thought-provoking post on the debilitating fear of adoptive parents when their internationally-adopted children begin to search for their natural parents.
I’ve always known that my parents loved me, they just didn’t like to share. They didn’t want to share me with my Korean family and they didn’t want to share me with the Korean American community.
When I listen to adult adoptees talk about their search stories or when I watch movies like First Person Plural or Daughter of Danang, to be honest, I feel most for the Korean or Vietnamese families. How could those children become such strangers? Of course, there’s some kind of estrangement in any adoption, even domestic ones. But the cultural chasms here seemed unbridgeable.
Via RaceWire, here’s something to read to commemorate the 400th Anniversary of Jamestown. Snippets from the article:
The foreigners built their Jamestown right in the heart of a 6,350-square-mile country called Tsencomoco, where a powerful elder chief governed at least 14,000 individuals distributed among about 25 subordinate tribes. This phenomenal leader, known as Powhatan, was not unaware of Europeans, since Spaniards had been making forays into the area and kidnapping his tribesmen since the early 1500s….
The technological ability and the cultural will of the early English to use their military might to conquer the land for their sole benefit was unprecedented from an Indian point of view… Until their encounters with the English, the Chesapeake native societies had never known that indiscriminately killing all of another town’s women and children was an acceptable method of conquest.
President Bush’s proclamation makes no mention of any of this. He encourages “all Americans to commemorate this milestone by honoring the courage of those who came before us, participating in appropriate programs and celebrations, and visiting this historic site with family and friends.” Uh, how about those who were already in America before them? How about a white-tie dinner for Powhatan’s descendants?
The decade from 2006 through 2015 has been declared the Second International Decade of the World’s Indigenous Peoples.
The Decade has five main objectives, according to the UN coordinating agency:
- Promoting non-discrimination and inclusion of indigenous peoples in the design, implementation and evaluation of international, regional and national processes regarding laws, policies, resources, programmes and projects;
- Promoting full and effective participation of indigenous peoples in decisions which directly or indirectly affect their lifestyles, traditional lands and territories, their cultural integrity as indigenous peoples with collective rights or any other aspect of their lives, considering the principle of free, prior and informed consent;
- Redefining development policies that depart from a vision of equity and that are culturally appropriate, including respect for the cultural and linguistic diversity of indigenous peoples;
- Adopting targeted policies, programmes, projects and budgets for the development of indigenous peoples, including concrete benchmarks, and particular emphasis on indigenous women, children and youth;
- Developing strong monitoring mechanisms and enhancing accountability at the international, regional and particularly the national level, regarding the implementation of legal, policy and operational frameworks for the protection of indigenous peoples and the improvement of their lives.
In the spirit of compensating indigenous peoples for the displacement, death and deprivation wrought by primarily white European settlers, the world attempts to finish the job obviously not accomplished in the First Decade. The irony is that the beneficiaries of these attempts are those people who were eventually submerged in the invading culture. The natives who managed to send the colonizers back home enjoy varying degrees of independence but don’t get much help in correcting the legacy of colonialism. Left to fend for themselves, many see emigrating to the land of their or other colonial masters as a solution. A few find themselves adopted by (descendants of) former colonizers. Immigrants and adoptees, however, don’t enjoy the protection of their cultural integrity and respect for their linguistic diversity. At least adult immigrants can make “free, prior and informed” choices, but their children and adopted children can’t.
Did you know there are 20 countries in the world that allow immigrants to vote? The list of countries is in this article. The Land of Immigrants isn’t on the list although it once would have been had non-citizen suffrage not been repealed in the 1920s and 30s. In fact the US could have had the distinction of being the country with the longest tradition of immigrant suffrage (since 1776). Switzerland gave non-citizens residing in the canton of Neuchatel voting rights (which they still enjoy today) only in 1849.
As shocking as it is to see the videos on May Day in LA, the system does rob people’s political voices on a daily basis. For example, 1 in 5 NewYorkers of voting age are disenfranchised due to their immigrant status. Due to backlogs and other reasons, most of these folks won’t be citizens anytime soon either even though they’ve been working and paying taxes for years. Forget about representation, Uncle Sam just wants your tax money.
As an adjunct to durgamom’s and resistance’s posts on visa and citizenship issues, there are three scenarios I can think of which adoptees could face as adults where having the proper papers would be handy:
- Where an adoptee wants to marry and petition a foreigner to reside in the U.S.;
- Where an adoptee wants to petition their foreign-born natural parents to reside in the U.S. (should a miracle allow them to); and
- Where an adoptee wants to adopt a foreign-born child, wherever in the world they all live.
For adult adoptees, or those nearing adulthood, who still don’t have a Certificate of Citizenship, if you’re not afraid of being deported, you might consider those additional reasons.
When my parents moved the family to the United States, they decided they wanted to be called by new, Americanized names. Same with my teenage brother. Even their friends from the old country would call them by their new names. I suppose it’s like playing dress-up; it’s fun to try out new identities. Fine if you already know who you are. I resisted, the rebel as usual, and kept my name. And corrected people on the proper pronounciation. Perhaps my father thought he knew better than to have a foreign-sounding name, having lived in the South and having served in the U.S. Army before re-settling in the old country and starting a family there.
When my husband and I became parents to an internationally-adopted child, we wanted to add a Western name to her orphanage name. We realized, however, after the first day, that we couldn’t call her anything other than the name she came with. So her Western name was relegated to those outside of the family and our circle of friends. Fortunately, we know other families who use this dual naming system. Then there are famous people to point out, like Bruce Jun Fan Lee or Jackie Kong Sang Chan. Our daughter, who prefers the name she came with, won’t feel too different in this regard. Also we live in a multilingual environment and kids are accustomed to having multiple labels for objects or concepts (more on this later) . My child’s friends don’t bat an eyelash when I call her another name, particularly as I speak a different language. But if I could do it over today, I wouldn’t bother about Western or Anglo names. Barack and Condoleeza are doing just fine with theirs.
After reading Resistance’s post on the Navajo codetalkers, it occurred to me that someone also had to do the dirty job of breaking the Japanese code. I google-searched and found something else you probably didn’t learn in history class from the Japanese American Legacy Project.
November 1, 1941 - The Japanese Language School at the Presidio of San Francisco is formed. Renamed the Military Intelligence Service Language School (MISLS), it later moves to Fort Snelling, Minnesota. Nisei and Kibei graduates serve as code breakers and interpreters in the Pacific war zone. According to General MacArthur’s intelligence chief, they “saved a million lives and shortened the war by two years.”
Hope none of these guys or their relatives had to suffer in Manzanar.
In all fairness, the people who gave us the International Day for the Elimination of Racism, the members of the UN General Assembly, also gave us a Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination which ended in the 80’s. The focus was on apartheid, although they also mentioned that all States should eliminate all discriminatory practices against immigrant communities. Immigrants and their families should be treated no less favorably, they said, as citizens in matters of education, employment, health and housing, travel within and outside the country. They called for all States to organize a week of solidarity with peoples struggling with racism and racial discrimination, beginning March 21.
Some countries decided a week was too long. Gotta keep those immigrants working!
I was falling asleep while watching a German documentary on the Everglades the other night. My ears perked up when I heard the narrator say, “The U.S. Army was engaged in ethnic cleansing.” Whoa! Say that again, please? Turns out they were talking about Andrew Jackson’s attempts to wipe out the Seminole Indians. Interesting* that they had compared the U.S. Army to Arkan’s Tigers. According to the report, the Seminoles were the only Native Americans not to have signed a formal peace treaty with the US. The Second Seminole War lasted 7 years and was the most expensive Indian War fought by the United States. Speak of perseverance against overwhelming odds.
What of Florida State University’s use of the name and symbols of the Seminole Tribe? The Seminole Tribe of Florida supports their use and were consulted at the inception of the Chief Osceola mascot and other symbols. If Seminoles believe this honors their history and tradition, that’s their sovereign right, right? Chief Osceola is an exercise in cultural autonomy while Chief Illiniwek is one in cultural appropriation.
*in the literal sense of the word and not as used in previous posts.
How do you define privilege? In the most recent twists in the A.M.H. story, it’s the Baker’s lawyer, Larry Parrish, being long-time friends with Juvenile Court Judge Curtis Person. It’s the court-appointed guardian ad litem, Christine Stephens, being outgoing president of the Memphis Downtown Neighborhood Association, a bevy of potential contributors to electoral campaigns. (Parrish ran for state senator and lost.) The court psychologist, Catherine Collins, was recently employed by the Exchange Club Family Center. In 2001, Louise Baker called this place, as mentioned in Judge Childer’s overturned ruling:
Immediately after January 28, 2001, in furtherance of the necessity to arrange future visitations at a site other than the Bakers’ home, Mrs. Baker telephoned the Exchange Club Family Center to inquire about its ability to provide visitation services and facilities for any future visits with AMH by the Hes.
What’s going on here?
Wut they sed